Internal Hernia: Types & Treatment.

Internal Hernia: Types & Treatment.
An internal hernia is a type of hernia that occurs inside the abdomen. It is caused when a loop of intestine protrudes through a defect or opening in the mesentery, which is the tissue that supports and attaches the intestine to the abdominal wall.

Types of Internal Hernias

There are eight main types of internal hernias, each categorized depending on where the hernia occurs:

Paraduodenal hernia:

• This is the most common type of internal hernia, occurring in about 50% of cases. It occurs when part of the small intestine herniates through a defect in the mesentery, which is the tissue that attaches the small intestine to the abdominal wall.

Foramen of Winslow hernia:

• This type of hernia occurs when a loop of small intestine herniates through a small opening in the mesentery called the foramen of Winslow.

Pericecal hernia:

• This type of hernia occurs when a loop of small intestine herniates through a defect in the peritoneum, which is the lining of the abdominal cavity, near the cecum, which is the first part of the large intestine.

Sigmoid mesocolon hernia:

• This type of hernia occurs when a loop of small intestine herniates through a defect in the mesocolon, which is the tissue that attaches the sigmoid colon, the last part of the large intestine, to the abdominal wall.

Transmesenteric hernia:

• This type of hernia occurs when a loop of small intestine herniates through a defect in the mesentery.

Transomental hernia:

• This type of hernia occurs when a loop of small intestine herniates through a defect in the omentum, which is a fatty apron that covers the intestines.

Supravesical hernia:

•  This type of hernia occurs when a loop of small intestine herniates through a defect in the peritoneum above the bladder.

Pelvic hernia:

• This type of hernia occurs when a loop of small intestine herniates through a defect in the pelvic floor.

Symptoms of Internal Hernia

The symptoms of an internal hernia can vary depending on the type and severity of the hernia. Overall symptom are suggestive of small bowel obstruction. However, some common symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain
• Abdominal distention
• Nausea and vomiting
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Bloody stools
• Fever
• Shock

Diagnosis of Internal Hernia

Internal hernias can be difficult to diagnose, as they can often be confused with other conditions, such as appendicitis, cholecystitis, and pancreatitis.

To diagnose an internal hernia, a doctor will perform a physical examination and ask about the patient’s medical history. The doctor may also order imaging tests, such as an X-ray, ultrasound, or CT scan.

Treatment for Internal Hernias

Treatment for internal hernias typically involves surgery to repair the defect and relieve the obstruction. In some cases, the surgeon may need to remove the damaged portion of the intestine.

There are two main types of surgery for internal hernias:

Open surgery:

• This is the traditional approach to hernia repair surgery. The surgeon makes an incision in the abdomen to expose the hernia and repair it directly.

Laparoscopic surgery:

• This is a minimally invasive approach to hernia repair surgery. The surgeon makes several small incisions in the abdomen and inserts a laparoscope, a thin tube with a camera attached, and other surgical instruments. The surgeon then uses the laparoscope to guide the repair of the hernia.

The type of surgery performed will depend on the severity of the hernia, the patient’s overall health, and the surgeon’s experience.

Outcome for Internal Hernias

The prognosis for internal hernias is generally good with prompt diagnosis and treatment. However, if the hernia is left untreated, it can lead to serious complications, such as intestinal obstruction, strangulation, and even death.

When to See a Doctor

If you are experiencing any of the following symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention immediately:

• Severe abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Constipation
• Abdominal distention
• Inability to pass gas

These symptoms could be signs of an internal hernia or another serious medical condition.