Dr AvinashTank, is a super-specialist (MCh) Laparoscopic Gastro-intestinal Surgeon,
Esophageal achalasia is an esophageal movement disorder that affects the smooth muscle layer of the esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
The esophagus is the tube like organ that facilitates food from the mouth to the stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a muscular ring that open after food is swallowed and closes the esophagus from the stomach when empties into stomach. In achalasia, your LES fails to open up during swallowing, which it’s supposed to do. This leads to a backup of food within the esophagus
In Achalasia, initially nerves of esophagus are damaged due to unknown reason. Later on muscles of the esophagus are also gradually damaged. Most of the time, underlying causes is unknown. But in some cases there may be underlying cancer of esophagus.
There is no blood test to diagnose esophageal achalasia. Specific test like Barium swallow, manometry & endoscopy are done. In barium swallow X-ray is being taken while drinking special liquid. Esophageal manometry records the movement of esophagus with the act of swallowing. Endoscopy shows dilation of esophagus or underlying cancer.
There is no treatment to correct the underlying problems of nerves or muscles. Available treatment is directed towards relief of symptoms. Medical treatment is directed to relax the lower esophageal sphincter & fasten the process in food emptying.
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